The crankshaft is the main rotating part of the engine. It is made of carbon structural steel or ductile iron. After the connecting rod is installed, the up and down (reciprocating) motion of the connecting rod can be undertaken into a circular (rotary) motion. The crankshaft has two important parts: the main journal and the connecting rod journal. The main journal is located on the cylinder block. The connecting rod journal is connected to the connecting rod's big head hole, and the connecting rod's small head hole is connected to the cylinder piston. This is a typical crank-slider mechanism. The rotation of the crankshaft is not only the power source of the engine but also the power source of the whole mechanical system

The role of the crankshaft: it is an important part of the engine, bearing the force transmitted by the connecting rod and transforming it into torque through the crankshaft output and driving other accessories on the engine work. The crankshaft is subjected to the combined effect of the centrifugal force of rotating mass, periodically changing gas inertia force, and reciprocating inertia force, which makes the crankshaft subjected to bending and torsional load. Therefore, the crankshaft is required to have sufficient strength and stiffness, and the journal surface needs to be wear-resistant, work evenly, and have good balance. To reduce the crankshaft mass and centrifugal force generated by the movement, the crankshaft journal is often made hollow. Each journal surface is opened with oil holes, to introduce or lead out the oil, used to lubricate the journal surface. To reduce stress concentration, the main journal, crank pin, and crank arm are connected by a transition arc.

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